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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(18)2023 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37762430

RESUMO

The aim was to compare the effect between a single intra-articular infiltration (1i) and two infiltrations (2i) of medium molecular weight hyaluronic acid (MMW-HA) of high viscosity (HV) and low viscosity (LV) on the histopathological characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) induced in rabbits. An experimental study was conducted on Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbits, including 42 TMJs, distributed between (1) TMJ-C, control group; (2) TMJ-OA, group with OA; (3) TMJ-OA-wt, group with untreated OA; (4) group treated with HA-HV-1i; (5) group treated with HA-HV-2i; (6) group treated with HA-LV-1i; and (7) group treated with HA-LV-2i. The results were evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scale and descriptive histology considering the mandibular condyle (MC), the articular disc (AD), and the mandibular fossa (MF). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis, considering p < 0.05 significant. All treated groups significantly decreased the severity of OA compared to the TMJ-OA-wt group. The HA-HV-2i group showed significant differences in the degree of OA from the TMJ-OA group. The degree of OA in the HA-HV-2i group was significantly lower than in the HA-LV-1i, HA-LV-2i, and HA-HV-1i groups. The protocol that showed better results in repairing the joint was HA-HV-2i. There are histological differences depending on the protocol of the preparation used: two infiltrations seem to be better than one, and when applying two doses, high viscosity shows better results.


Assuntos
Lagomorpha , Osteoartrite , Animais , Coelhos , Ácido Hialurônico , Peso Molecular , Protocolos Clínicos , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(18)2023 Sep 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37762574

RESUMO

Aging is intricately linked to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which plays a significant role in various age-related conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA). The aging process significantly influences the development of OA due to alterations in cartilage composition, reduced proteoglycan content, dysregulation of growth factor signaling, and heightened oxidative stress. Propolis, a natural product renowned for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has the potential to mitigate age-induced changes in cartilage. The primary objective of this study was to rigorously assess the impact of in vivo propolis treatment on the histopathological characteristics of knee articular cartilage in senescent rats. This study involved a cohort of twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats, randomly allocated into four distinct groups for comparative analysis: YR (control group consisting of young rats), SR (senescent rats), SR-EEP (senescent rats treated with an ethanolic extract of propolis, EEP), and SR-V (senescent rats administered with a control vehicle). This study employed comprehensive histological and stereological analyses of knee articular cartilage. Propolis treatment exhibited a significant capacity to alleviate the severity of osteoarthritis, enhance the structural integrity of cartilage, and augment chondrocyte density. These promising findings underscore the potential of propolis as a compelling therapeutic agent to counteract age-related alterations in cartilage and, importantly, to potentially forestall the onset of osteoarthritis.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Cartilagem Articular , Osteoartrite , Própole , Humanos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Própole/farmacologia , Própole/uso terapêutico , Condrócitos , Inflamação , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1177-1183, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514359

RESUMO

El aprendizaje de la anatomía puede resultar dificultoso y poco motivador para el estudiante, debido a su complejo vocabulario. Uno de los desafíos iniciales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la anatomía humana es el abordaje de términos generales para la relación y comparación de estructuras anatómicas en el cuerpo humano. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las definiciones de los términos de "relación y comparación" presentes en libros clásicos de anatomía e incluidos en Terminologia Anatomica, identificando aquellos términos que pueden ocasionar confusión dentro de la enseñanza- aprendizaje de la anatomía humana. Los términos fueron analizados en diferentes textos de anatomía humana, en la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España y en Terminologia Anatomica (FIPAT, 2019). Se pudo constatar la existencia de 18 términos de relación y comparación, de los cuales 6 (externo, interno, superficial, profundo, intermedio y medio) pueden resultar confusos dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de anatomía humana. Factores como el uso ambiguo, la falta de definiciones claras, las diferencias entre Terminologia Anatomica y el lenguaje común, y la inconsistencia en diferentes fuentes contribuyen a esta posible confusión. Es necesario abordar estas dificultades a través de una enseñanza precisa de Terminologia Anatomica y su aplicación adecuada.


SUMMARY: Learning anatomy can be difficult and not very motivating for the student due to its complex vocabulary. One of the initial challenges in the teaching- learning process of human anatomy is the approach to general terms for the relationship and comparison of anatomical structures in the human body. The objective of this study was to analyze the definitions of the terms «relation and comparison» present in classic anatomy books and included in Terminologia Anatomica, identifying those terms that can cause confusion in the teaching-learning process of human anatomy. The terms were analyzed in different human anatomy texts, in the Royal National Academy of Medicine of Spain and in Terminologia Anatomica (FIPAT, 2019). It was possible to verify the existence of 18 relationship and comparison terms, of which 6 (external, internal, superficial, deep, intermediate and middle) can be confusing within the teaching-learning process of human anatomy. Factors such as ambiguous usage, lack of clear definitions, differences between Terminologia Anatomica and common language, and inconsistency across different sources contribute to this possible confusion. It is necessary to address these difficulties through a precise teaching of Terminologia Anatomica and its proper application.


Assuntos
Humanos , Anatomia/educação , Aprendizagem , Terminologia como Assunto
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 926-936, jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514292

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The dentogingival junction (DGJ) is an adaptation of the oral mucosa composed of epithelial and connective tissues intimately related with the mineralised tissues of the tooth. The histological evidence available is mainly based on studies in animals, separate evaluations of hard and soft tissues, and studies using conventional histological techniques that eliminate the enamel from preparations. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of the existing evidence on histological techniques available for study of the tooth and periodontium in conjunction in humans. A scoping review was carried out of the available literature referring to study of the tooth and the periodontium in conjunction in humans, in the Web of Science (WoS), EMBASE, Scopus and SciELO databases, using the terms "Histological Techniques"[Mesh]) and "Epithelial Attachment"[Mesh]. One hundred and fifty-nine articles were found, of which 54 were selected for full- text reading. Ten were finally included in the qualitative synthesis, and we applied the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) checklist for analysis the methodological quality of the selected articles. The results showed that the only articles with a low risk of bias in all five domains according to the AQUA criteria corresponded to Silva et al. (2011) and Agustín-Panadero et al. (2020). Finally, we conclude that the quality of the histological sections to observe tissues that simultaneously contain the tooth and the periodontium, is conditioned by the selected technique and by the care required in certain specific tasks during the histological processing of the samples.


La unión dentogingival (DGJ) es una adaptación de la mucosa oral compuesta por tejidos epitelial y conectivo íntimamente relacionados con los tejidos mineralizados del diente. La evidencia histológica disponible se basa principalmente en estudios en animales, evaluaciones separadas de tejidos duros y blandos y estudios utilizando técnicas histológicas convencionales que eliminan el esmalte de las preparaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la evidencia existente sobre las técnicas histológicas disponibles para el estudio del diente y el periodonto en conjunto en humanos. Se realizó un scoping review de la literatura disponible referente al estudio del diente y el periodonto en conjunto en humanos, en las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS), EMBASE, Scopus y SciELO, utilizando los términos "Histological Techniques"[Mesh]) y "Epithelial Attachment"[Mesh]. Se encontraron 159 artículos, de los cuales 54 fueron seleccionados para lectura de texto completo. Diez fueron finalmente incluidos en la síntesis cualitativa, y se aplicó la lista de verificación Anatómica Quality Assurance (AQUA) para el análisis de la calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados. Los resultados mostraron que los únicos artículos con bajo riesgo de sesgo en los cinco dominios según los criterios AQUA correspondían a Silva et al. (2011) y Agustín-Panadero et al. (2020). Finalmente, concluimos que la calidad de los cortes histológicos para observar los tejidos que contienen simultáneamente el diente y el periodonto, está condicionada por la técnica seleccionada y por el cuidado requerido en ciertas tareas específicas durante el procesamiento histológico de las muestras.


Assuntos
Humanos , Dente/anatomia & histologia , Técnicas Histológicas , Inserção Epitelial/anatomia & histologia , Lista de Checagem , Gengiva/anatomia & histologia , Periodonto/anatomia & histologia
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 965-970, jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514308

RESUMO

En Terminologia Histologica y Terminologia Neuroanatomica está registrado el término Substantia chromatophilica de origen grecolatino, con los códigos H2.00.06.1.00009 y 78, respectivamente. Dicho término ha sido empleado para referirse a un conglomerado de estructuras que en unión fungen como maquinaria de síntesis proteica y que son característicos de las células nerviosas. Teniendo en cuenta los lineamientos de la Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) referentes a la denominación de nombres estructurales con un valor descriptivo e informativo, creemos que el término en cuestión no es el más adecuado. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar y evaluar la concordancia de las raíces grecolatinas que componen el término. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en el Diccionario de la lengua española, Diccionario de Términos Médicos, diccionario VOX Griego-Español y el diccionario VOX Ilustrado Latino-Español Español-Latino. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la palabra chromatophilica no presenta registro en español, sin embargo, sus sinónimos hacen referencia a material biológico afín por los colorantes. En base a lo anterior, proponemos el término Ribocumulus corponeuralis en función de su estructura y ubicación, en reemplazo de Substantia chromatophilica.


SUMMARY: In Terminologia Histologica and Terminologia Neuroanatomica the term Substantia chromatophilica of Greco-Latin origin is registered with the codes H2.00.06.1.00009 and 78, respectively. This term has been used to refer to a conglomerate of structures that together function as protein synthesis machinery and are characteristic of nerve cells. Considering the guidelines of the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) regarding the denomination of structural names with a descriptive and informative value, we believe that the term in question is not the most appropriate. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and evaluate the concordance of the Greco-Latin roots that compose the term. For this purpose, a search was conducted in the Diccionario de la Lengua Española, Diccionario de Términos Médicos, Diccionario VOX Griego-Español and the Diccionario VOX Ilustrado Latino-Español Español-Latino. The results obtained indicate that the word chromatophilica is not registered in Spanish, however, its synonyms refer to biological material related to dyes. Based on the aforementioned, we propose the term Ribocumulus corponeuralis based on its structure and location, as a replacement for Substantia chromatophilica.


Assuntos
Histologia , Neuroanatomia , Corpos de Nissl , Terminologia como Assunto
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 699-704, jun. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514323

RESUMO

SUMMARY: One of the most important minimally invasive treatments today in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ- OA) is the intra-articular exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) injection, which has yielded good results in pain relief and improves mandibular function with few side effects. However, the effectiveness of HA continues to be controversial, partly due to the heterogeneity in the injection protocols in their molecular weight, viscosity and frequency of infiltration, among other properties. The aim of this review is to identify the differences in the histological and clinical effects of the different types of HA and the frequency of infiltration on TMJ-OA treatment. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search was limited up to September 2022. Search terms included "osteoarthritis", "hyaluronic acid, "molecular weight", "concentration", "viscosity", "dose" and "temporomandibular", using AND/OR as Boolean terms. Results: Exogenous HA in its different molecular weights offers an improvement in histological and clinical characteristics. Apparently, low and medium molecular weight HA presents better results. No clinical studies related to the degree of HA viscosity were found. Respect to the frequency of infiltration, single injection, weekly injections for 3 weeks, weekly injections for 5 weeks and other protocols are used. However, their comparison is complex. There seems to be differences in the effects of the different HA preparations for the treatment of TMJ-OA, mainly in their molecular weight. However, the evidence remains scant.


Uno de los tratamientos mínimamente invasivos más importantes en la actualidad en la artrosis de la articulación temporomandibular (OATM) es la inyección intraarticular de ácido hialurónico (AH) exógeno, que ha dado buenos resultados en el alivio del dolor y mejora la función mandibular con pocos efectos secundarios. Sin embargo, la efectividad del AH continúa siendo controversial, en parte debido a la heterogeneidad en los protocolos de inyección en cuanto a su peso molecular, viscosidad y frecuencia de infiltración, entre otras propiedades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar las diferencias en los efectos histológicos y clínicos de los diferentes tipos de HA y la frecuencia de infiltración en el tratamiento de TMJ-OA. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus. La búsqueda se limitó hasta septiembre de 2022. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron "osteoartritis", "ácido hialurónico", "peso molecular", "concentración", "viscosidad", "dosis" y "temporomandibular", utilizando AND/OR como términos booleanos. El HA exógeno en sus diferentes pesos moleculares ofrece una mejora en las características histológicas y clínicas. Aparentemente, el AH de bajo y medio peso molecular presenta mejores resultados. No se encontraron estudios clínicos relacionados con el grado de viscosidad del HA. Respecto a la frecuencia de infiltración, se utilizan inyecciones únicas, inyecciones semanales durante 3 semanas, inyecciones semanales durante 5 semanas y otros protocolos. Sin embargo, su comparación es compleja. Parece haber diferencias en los efectos de las diferentes preparaciones de HA para el tratamiento de la OA-TMJ, principalmente en su peso molecular. Sin embargo, la evidencia sigue siendo escasa.


Assuntos
Humanos , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Hialurônico/administração & dosagem , Viscosidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Injeções , Peso Molecular
7.
Front Vet Sci ; 10: 1172025, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37252390

RESUMO

Introduction: Antibacterial properties of honey vary according to its floral origin; few studies report the percentage of pollen types in honey, making it difficult to reproduce and compare the results. This study compares the antibacterial and wound-healing properties of three kinds of monofloral Ulmo honey with different percentages of pollen from Eucryphia cordifolia. Methods: The pollen percentage of the honey was determined by melissopalynological analysis, and they were classified into three groups: M1 (52.77% of pollen from Eucryphia cordifolia), M2 (68.41%), and M3 (82.80%). They were subjected to chemical analysis and agar diffusion test against Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 20 healthy adult guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of both sexes were randomly assigned to four groups for experimental burn skin wound (uninfected) production and treatment with Ulmo honey. On day 10 post-injury, biopsies were obtained, and histological analysis was performed to assess wound-healing capacity following the treatment with honey. Results: The chemical analysis showed that M3 differed significantly from M1 in terms of pH (P = 0.020), moisture (P = 0.020), total sugars (P = 0.034), and total solids (P = 0.020). Both strains of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to M1 and M2 at 40% w/v but were resistant to M3 at all concentrations. All groups (I-IV) were in the initial proliferative phase, with complete or partial re-epithelialization of the epidermis. Discussion: The antibacterial activity showed a wide range of variation in the different types of honey studied, with no significant differences between wound healing and pollen percentage in the groups studied. Higher pH and the absence of Tineo in M3 conferred a lower antibacterial capacity but not a lower wound healing capacity. Despite its variability in the percentage of Eucryphia cordifolia like primary pollen in Ulmo's monofloral honey, this has the same properties in relation to wound healing.

8.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol ; 19(1): 16-23, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35763190

RESUMO

Although there are physiological methods to determine the postmortem interval (PMI), interval forensic histopathology can be applied to obtain accuracy. The aim was to describe the histological changes in human lingual striated musculature at different PMI. Seven groups were formed according to increasing PMI of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h postmortem (PM). Each group was made up of 16 samples of tongues from each cadaver. The samples were fixed in buffered formaldehyde at 10% and processed for embedding in paraplast. Section 5 µm thick were cut and dyed with H&E for analysis. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador. The histological changes in the striated muscle cells of the tongue were associated with the different PMI. From 6 to 24 h PM, there were initial changes in the cellular and nuclear morphology. At 48 h PM, at least 50% of the samples presented poorly conserved and reduced muscle striations. At 72 h PM, 100% of the cases presented myofibers with altered morphology, cytoplasmic vacuoles (93.75%), edema (68.55%) and pyknosis (93.75%). At 96 and 120 h PM, the myofibers presented pyknotic nuclei, and they were absent in the rest. The changes in the histology of the human lingual striated muscle make it possible to estimate the PMI, either in the early phase (0-72 h) or the late phase (92-120 h). However, further research is needed to verify, refine and expand on these results.


Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Humanos , Cadáver , Autopsia , Língua
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(6): 1630-1640, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421802

RESUMO

La equinococosis quística (EQ) a pesar de ser una enfermedad endémica en diversos lugares del planeta, presenta pocos estudios morfológicos y cuantitativos de las estructuras fundamentales del Echinococcus granulosus en humanos, en especial de los protoescólices. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar morfocuantitativamente protoescólices y otras estructuras fundamentales de E. granulosus obtenidos de hospederos humanos. Estudio de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 8 especímenes de EQ hepática humana, aplicando un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se evaluó las capas quísticas, el líquido y la arenilla hidatídica. Las capas fueron fijadas en formaldehido tamponado a 10 % y procesadas para su inclusión en paraplast. Se realizaron cortes de 5 µm de grosor y fueron teñidas con H-E para su análisis con microscopía óptica. El líquido y arenilla fueron centrifugados y al sedimento obtenido se le realizó análisis directo para determinar las medidas morfométricas de los protoescólices y de los ganchos grandes y pequeños. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. De los 8 quistes estudiados, 6 eran quistes univesicular, uno multivesicular y un quiste abscedado, cuyas capas laminada y germinativa se encontraban bien definidas. Las vesículas prolígeras presentaban forma redondeada con protoescólices en su interior. Los protoescólices invaginados presentaron un largo y ancho promedio de 140,8 ± 34,3 µm y 106,2 ± 29,5 µm, respectivamente; y los desarrollados un largo de 237,2 ± 53,0 µm y ancho de 128,7 ± 32,0 µm. Los ganchos rostelares presentaron contornos suaves distribuidos en dos filas regulares. El promedio del largo total de los ganchos grandes y pequeños fue 20,1 ± 2,7 µm; el promedio del ancho total fue 7,4 ± 1,2 µm. En conclusión, las características morfocuantitativas de los ganchos de E. granulosus en humanos, son distintos a otras especies hospederas intermediarias y de otros Echinococcus spp. Es posible que el abandono del estado de resistencia de los protoescólices invaginado hasta su desarrollo genere implicancias epidemiológicas de interés.


SUMMARY: Although cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in several parts of the world, few morphological and quantitative studies of the fundamental structures of Echinococcus granulosus in humans, especially protoscolices. The aim of this study was to perform a morphoquantitative analysis of protoescolex and other fundamental structures of E. granulosus from human hosts. Cross- sectional study. Eight human hepatic EQ specimens were studied, applying non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Cystic layers, fluid and hydatid grit were evaluated. The layers were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for embedding in paraplast. Slices of 5 µm thickness were made and stained with H-E for light microscopic analysis. The liquid and grit were centrifuged and the sediment obtained was analyzed directly to determine the morphometric measurements of the protoscolices and the large and small hooks. Descriptive statistics were used. Of the 8 cysts studied, 6 were univesicular cysts, one multivesicular and one abscessed cyst, whose lamellar and germinative layers were well defined. The proligerous vesicles had a rounded shape with protoscolices inside. The invaginated protoscolices had an average length and width of 140.8 ± 34.3 µm and 106.2 ± 29.5 µm, respectively; and the developed ones had a length of 237.2 ± 53.0 µm and width of 128.7 ± 32.0 µm. The rostellar hooks presented smooth contours distributed in two regular rows. The average total length of the large and small hooks was 20.1 ± 2.7 µm; the average total width was 7.4 ± 1.2 µm. In conclusion, the morphoquantitative characteristics of E. granulosus hooks in humans are distinct from other intermediate host species and from other Echinococcus spp. It is possible that the abandonment of the resistance state of the invaginated protoscolices until their development generates epidemiological implications of interest.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Echinococcus granulosus/anatomia & histologia , Equinococose/parasitologia , Estudos Transversais
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(3): 755-759, jun. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385665

RESUMO

RESUMEN: En Terminologia Anatomica el término sacro es identificado con el número 1071. En el humano, es el hueso vertebral de mayor tamaño formado por la fusión de cinco vértebras. El origen del término sacro sigue en discusión y no está del todo claro, además, la pertinencia de esta denominación ha sido poco abordada en la literatura. Así, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el término sacro y luego proponer un término para la denominación de esta estructura anatómica siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT). A este hueso se le llamó sacro, por considerarse sagrado, ya que tiene un profundo significado religioso, aunque también se le ha atribuido otras tradiciones como las místicas y los rituales. El término sacro no favorece el entendimiento, ya que no es descriptivo ni informativo, por lo que sugerimos su cambio a vértebra magna (vertebrae magna), ya que esta propuesta sigue las recomendaciones de la FIPAT, es decir, no solo ser unívoco, sino también preciso.


SUMMARY: In International Anatomical Terminology, the term sacrum is identified with the number 1071. In humans, it is the largest vertebral bone formed by the fusion of five vertebrae. The origin of the term sacrum is still under discussion and is not entirely clear, in addition, the relevance of this denomination has been little addressed in the literature. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the term sacrum and then propose a term for the denomination of this anatomical structure following the recommendations of the Federative International Program for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT). This bone was called sacrum, because it is considered sacred, since it has a deep religious meaning, although other traditions such as mysticism and rituals have also been attributed to it. The term sacrum does not favor understanding, since it is neither descriptive nor informative, so we suggest changing it to vertebrae magna (vertebrae magna), since this proposal follows the FIPAT recommendations, that is, not only be unequivocal, but also accurate.


Assuntos
Humanos , Sacro/anatomia & histologia , Terminologia como Assunto
11.
Biomed Res Int ; 2022: 6281641, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35509708

RESUMO

Regeneration of critical bone defects requires the use of biomaterials. The incorporation of osteoinductive agents, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), improves bone formation. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of rhBMP-2 in combination with different materials for bone regeneration in critical-sized rat calvarial defects. This was an experimental animal study using 30 rats. In each rat, two 5-mm critical-size defects were made in the calvaria (60 bone defects in total) using a trephine. All rats were randomized to one of the six groups: control (C), autograft + rhBMP-2 (A), absorbable collagen sponge + rhBMP-2 (ACS), ß-tricalcium phosphate + rhBMP-2 (B-TCP), bovine xenograft + rhBMP-2 (B), and hydroxyapatite + rhBMP-2 (HA). The outcome was assessed after 4 and 8 weeks using histological description and the histological bone healing scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, with a p-value set at 0.05. The average bone healing scores per group were as follows: C group, 12.5; A group, 26.5; ACS group, 18.8; B-TCP group, 26.2; HA group, 20.9; and B group, 20.9. The C group showed a significant difference between weeks 4 and 8 (p = 0.032). Among the 4-week groups, the C group showed a significant difference compared to A (p = 0.001), ACS (p = 0.017), and B-TCP (p = 0.005) groups. The 8-week experimental group did not show any significant differences between the groups. The 5-mm critical size defect in rat calvaria requires the use of bone biomaterials to heal at 4 and 8 weeks. rhBMP-2, as applied in this study, showed no difference in new bone formation when combined with bovine, B-TCP, or HA biomaterials.


Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2 , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/farmacologia , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas , Regeneração Óssea , Bovinos , Colágeno/farmacologia , Humanos , Osteogênese , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Crânio/patologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(4): 1094-1099, 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405263

RESUMO

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente artículo fue revisar la etimología de los términos Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum y Corpus albicans, identificar si la forma de nombrarlos en las diferentes nóminas y terminologías internacionales están acorde a las sugerencias de la FIPAT y, analizar y reflexionar respecto de la pertinencia de estos términos en la Terminologia Anatomica. Se buscó en primer lugar el significado de las raíces latinas de los términos: Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum y Corpus albicans, en el Diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua, última actualización; en el Diccionario Términos Médicos de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina en España y en el Diccionario Vox, Español Latín. Indagamos en la historia para conocer desde cuando se utilizan estos términos, así como la revisión de las diferentes nomenclaturas, nóminas y terminologías anatómicas, histológicas y embriológicas, desde 1955 hasta la fecha. La búsqueda reportó que estos adjetivos latinos deberían traducirse al español de la siguiente manera: rubrum como rojo; luteum como amarillo y albicans como albicante que significa blanquear, por lo que la traducción correcta debiera ser: Cuerpo rojo, Cuerpo amarillo y Cuerpo albicante o blanco del ovario, estructuras transitorias y funcionales. Los términos Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum y Corpus albicans que identifican estructuras del ovario en Terminologia Anatomica y Terminologia Histologica deberían ser revisados, puesto que son estructuras transitorias y su nombre sólo indica el color que adquieren en el momento funcional y es referente a los cambios que presenta la misma estructura.


SUMMARY: The aim of this article was to review the etymology of the terms Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans, to identify if the way of naming them in the different lists and international terminologies are in accordance with the FIPAT suggestions and to analyze and reflect on the relevance of these terms in the Terminologia Anatomica. Firstly, the meaning of the Latin roots of the terms: Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans were searched in the dictionaries: of the Royal Academy of Language, latest update; of the Medical Terms of the Royal National Academy of Medicine in Spain; in the Vox dictionary, Spanish Latin. Then we investigate the history to know since when these terms are used, as well as the review of the different anatomical, histological and embryological lists and terminologies from 1955 to date. The search reported that these Latin adjectives should be translated as follows: rubrum as red; luteum as yellow and albicans as albicante which means to whiten, therefore, the correct translation should be: Red body, Yellow body and Albicans or white body of the ovary, they are also transitory and functional structures. The terms Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans that identify ovarian structures in the Terminologia Anatomica and Terminologia Histologica should be reviewed since they are transitory structures and their name only indicates the color they acquire at the functional moment and refers to the changes that the same structure presents.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Ovário/anatomia & histologia , Terminologia como Assunto , Corpo Lúteo/anatomia & histologia
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(5): 1415-1419, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405273

RESUMO

RESUMEN: En Terminología Anatómica el término himen es identificado con el número 3530. Es un pequeño tejido membranoso que normalmente ocupa una parte de la abertura vaginal externa en la mujer. La pertinencia del término himen ha sido poco abordada en la literatura del campo terminológico anatómico, por tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar este término, verificar su etimología y funcionalidad, y determinar cómo este ha sido considerado en algunos aspectos de orden cultural, clínico y jurídico. El término himen proviene del latín hymen que es préstamo del griego hymḗn ὑμήν que significa membrana. Con el valor general de cualquier membrana fue usado en Grecia desde el siglo V a.C., sin embargo, a través de un fenómeno de especialización latina, a partir de los siglos I y II d.C., el término fue usado con su significado actual. Su origen proviene del nombre del dios griego del matrimonio llamado Himeneo, lo que vincula el término a un epónimo y mito a la vez. Pese a lo anterior, creemos que su conservación en Terminología Anatómica se podría deber a su larga data de uso, aun cuando podrían existir mejores opciones para denominar esta estructura. El himen no presenta una función biológica conocida, sin embargo, ha tenido gran valoración a nivel cultural, clínico y jurídico, en el que el examen físico ha determinado conclusiones sobre la historia sexual de mujeres y niñas aun cuando las evidencias demuestran que no es una prueba precisa o confiable de la actividad sexual.


SUMMARY: In Terminologia Anatomica the term hymen is identified with the number 3530. It is a small membranous tissue that normally occupies a part of the external vaginal opening in women. The relevance of the term hymen has been scarcely addressed in the literature of the anatomical terminology field. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze this term, verify its etymology and functionality, and determine how it has been considered in certain cultural clinical and legal aspects. The term hymen comes from the Latin hymen, borrowed from the Greek hymḗn ὑμήν , which means membrane. With the general value of any membrane, it was used in Greece from the 5th century BC, however, through a phenomenon of Latin specialization, from the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, the term was used applying its current meaning. Its origin comes from the name of the Greek god of marriage called Hymenaeus, which links the term to an eponym and a myth at the same time. Despite the above, we believe that its conservation in Terminologia Anatomica could be due to its long history, even though there may be better options to name this structure. The hymen does not have a known biological function, however, it has been highly valued at a cultural, clinical and legal level, in which the physical examination has determined conclusions about the sexual history of women and girls even when the evidence shows that it is not an accurate or reliable proof of sexual activity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Hímen/anatomia & histologia , Terminologia como Assunto
14.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(5): 1395-1399, 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405303

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Ocasionalmente la incisura escapular puede ser reemplazada por un foramen óseo producto de la osificación del ligamento transverso superior de la escápula. Esta formación ósea se considera un factor precipitante de la compresión del nervio supraescapular. Ciento noventa y cinco escápulas de individuos adultos pertenecientes a osteotecas de universidades de Colombia (114 escápulas) y de Chile (81 escápulas), fueron estudiadas macroscópicamente para determinar la presencia de un foramen escapular óseo. Ambas escápulas de un mismo individuo colombiano (1,75 % del total) presentaban el foramen escapular y una escápula izquierda (1,23 %) presentaba esta formación en un individuo chileno. La prevalencia de la osificación del ligamento transverso superior de la escápula es muy variable en los distintos estudios y tiende a situarse inferior al 10 %, sin embargo, puede constituirse en un factor de riesgo debido al atrapamiento o compresión del nervio supraescapular, hecho conocido como neuropatía supraescapular.


SUMMARY: Occasionally the scapular notch can be replaced by a bony foramen product of the ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament. This bone formation is considered a precipitating factor for compression of the suprascapular nerve. One hundred and ninety-five adult scapulae from Colombian (114 scapulae) and Chilean (81 scapulae) university osteotheques were studied macroscopically to determine the presence of a bony scapular foramen. Both scapulae of the same Colombian individual (1.75% of the total) presented the scapular foramen and one left scapula (1.23%) presented this formation in a Chilean individual. The prevalence of ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament is highly variable in the different studies and tends to be less than 10%; however, it can become a risk factor due to entrapment or compression of the suprascapular nerve, a fact known as suprascapular neuropathy.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Escápula/patologia , Ossificação Heterotópica , Ligamentos/patologia , Escápula/anatomia & histologia , Chile , Colômbia , Ligamentos/anatomia & histologia , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa
15.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(2): 489-494, 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385636

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Caligus rogercresseyi es un copépodo que representa uno de los principales desafíos de la industria del cultivo de salmónidos en Chile, ya que afecta profusamente a la piel. Es preciso destacar que los peces en agua dulce y estuario no son afectados, a diferencia del salmón, que desde el post-smolt resulta muy parasitado cuando es trasladado al mar. Se han realizado múltiples estudios sobre el ciclo de vida del parásito y desarrollado tratamientos químicos, físicos y mecánicos para eliminarlos. Sin embargo, a la fecha, los tratamientos no han sido eficaces, lo que produce un problema permanente para el bienestar del animal. El propósito de este estudio fue el de reconocer la bioestructura de la piel de la aleta caudal del salmón del atlántico en los sitios de la interacción con chalimus. Para esto, se utilizaron 15 post-smolt infectados con Caligus y 5 post-smolt controles, sin Caligus. Los salmones fueron aportados por Fundación Chile y la experiencia se realizó en su propio centro experimental. Una vez realizada la eutanasia, mediante sobredosis del anestésico benzocaína, se obtubieron muestras de las aletas caudales, las cuales fueron fijadas en formalina al 10%, incluidas en paraplast para realizar cortes de 5 µm de espesor y teñidas con Tricrómico de Masson y PAS. Los resultados indicaron que la piel de la aleta caudal de los post-smolt afectados presentan mayor altura de la epidermis, escasa células secretoras de mucus y solución de continuidad en la epidermis. Además, la membrana basal se descontinúa y ocurre un aumento de melanomacrófagos en la dermis.


SUMMARY: Caligus rogercresseyi is a copepod that represents one of the main challenges of the salmon farming industry in Chile, since it profusely affects the skin. It should be noted that fish in freshwater and estuaries are not affected, unlike salmon, which from post-smolt is highly parasitized when transferred to the sea. Multiple studies have been carried out on the life cycle of the parasite and chemical, physical and mechanical treatments have been developed to eliminate them. However, to date, the treatments have not been effective, which produces a permanent problem for the welfare of the animal. The purpose of this study was to recognize the biostructure of Atlantic salmon caudal fin skin at sites of interaction with chalimus. For this, 15 post-smolt infected with Caligus and 5 post-smolt controls, without Caligus, were used. The salmon were provided by Fundación Chile and the experience was carried out in its own experimental center. Once the euthanasia was carried out, by means of an overdose of the anesthetic benzocaine, samples of the caudal fins were obtained, which were fixed in 10 % formalin, included in paraplast to make 5 µm-thick sections and stained with Masson's Trichrome and PAS. The results indicated that the skin of the caudal fin of the affected post-smolt presented a greater height of the epidermis, few mucus-secreting cells and a solution of continuity in the epidermis. In addition, the basement membrane is discontinued and an increase in melanomacrophages occurs in the dermis.


Assuntos
Animais , Pele/parasitologia , Salmo salar/parasitologia , Copépodes , Nadadeiras de Animais/parasitologia
16.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(6): 1701-1708, dic. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385518

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the wound repair process has been described, particularly during the stimulation of angiogenesis in the proliferative phase. Ulmo honey (Eucryphia cordifolia) has demonstrated important bactericidal, fungicidal, antioxidant and healing properties. Ulmoplus®, a honey-based medicinal product, accelerates healing time and promotes fibroblast activation and collagen fiber production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of endogenous FGF-2 in burns treated with Ulmoplus® vs. the gold standard (hydrogel-tull), and Ulmo honey as the first step to clarifying the regulatory mechanism of this therapeutic option. 15 adult guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were used, divided into three groups: C+: positive control treated with hydrogel-tull (gold standard); E1: experimental group treated with Ulmo; and E2: experimental group treated with Ulmoplus®. A deep uniform burn was made under anesthetic that covered 1 cm2 of the skin on the back of each animal. The daily treatments were administered with hydrogel-tull, Ulmo honey or Ulmoplus®, where appropriate. On treatment day 10 the biopsies were taken and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The immunolabeling was quantified through an integrated optical density (IOD) analysis, expressed as lum/ µm2 using the Image- ProPremier 9.1 software. The endogenous expression of FGF-2 was consistent with the stage of healing presented by the study groups, varying in its localization and IOD intensity. The E2 group presented a significantly higher IOD (60053.55 ± 59877.84 lum/µm2) than the C+ (p = 0.001) and E1 (p = 0.001) groups. Our findings indicated that the medicinal Ulmoplus® honey is effective at facilitating wound closing, and the promoter effect of FGF-2 expression accelerated the healing process compared to the treatments with hydrogel-tull (gold standard) and Ulmo honey.


RESUMEN: Se ha descrito el papel del factor de crecimiento fibroblaástico (FGF) en el proceso de reparación de heridas, particularmente durante la estimulación de la angiogénesis en la fase proliferativa. La miel de Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia) ha demostrado importantes propiedades bactericidas, fungicidas, antioxidantes y cicatrizantes. Ulmoplus®, un medicamento a base de miel, acelera el tiempo de cicatrización y promueve la activación de fibroblastos y la producción de fibras colágenas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la expresión inmunohistoquímica del FGF-2 endógeno en quemaduras tratadas con Ulmoplus® frente al gold standard (hidrogel-tull) y miel de Ulmo como primer paso para esclarecer el mecanismo regulador de esta opción terapéutica. Se utilizaron 15 cobayas adultos (Cavia porcellus), divididos en tres grupos: C +: control positivo tratado con hidrogel-tull (gold standard); E1: grupo experimental tratado con Ulmo; y E2: grupo experimental tratado con Ulmoplus®. Se realizó una quemadura profunda uniforme bajo anestesia que cubrió 1 cm2 de la piel del lomo de cada animal. Los tratamientos diarios se administraron con hidrogel-tull, miel de Ulmo o Ulmoplus®, en cada caso. El día 10 de tratamiento se tomaron biopsias y se procesaron para análisis histológico e inmunohistoquímico. El inmunomarcaje se cuantificó mediante análisis de densidad óptica integrado (DOI), expresado como lum/µm2 utilizando el software Image-ProPremier 9.1. La expresión endógena de FGF-2 fue consistente con la etapa de cicatrización presentada por los grupos de estudio, variando en su localización e intensidad de DOI. El grupo E2 presentó una DOI significativamente mayor (60053,55 ± 59877,84 lum/µm2) que los grupos C + (p = 0,001) y E1 (p = 0,001). Nuestros hallazgos indicaron que la miel de uso médico Ulmoplus® es eficaz para facilitar el cierre de heridas, y el efecto promotor de la expresión de FGF-2 aceleró el proceso de curación en comparación con los tratamientos con hidrogel-tull (gold standard) y miel de Ulmo.


Assuntos
Animais , Cobaias , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Queimaduras , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Mel , Imuno-Histoquímica
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(6): 1521-1528, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385524

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The study of adipose tissue has gained increasing importance in the biomedical area due to its implications for health and obesity. Obesity is a situation of great concern mainly in the Western world due to its high prevalence and morbidity. Experimental studies on obesity often need a model where it is possible to carry out experiments, drug testing, and other therapeutic procedures, which are typically not possible in humans. Although several animals are used for obesity studies, rodents are by far the most used animals, and among rodents, mice are particularly indicated for this investigation. This mini review will introduce the challenging classification of obesity in rodents, paralleling human obesity, defining and classifying what an obese mouse is. The text will differentiate between white adipose tissue (WAT, aimed at endocrine secretion and lipogenesis) and brown adipose tissue (BAT, aimed at thermogenesis) and describe the browning process of white adipocytes in an adaptation to increase thermogenesis. The text will also describe the various types of body fat in mice with their differences and indications for investigation and teach how to recognize and dissect these fats. At the end of this introductory reading, the young researcher is expected to have acquired sufficient knowledge to start an experimental investigative project on obesity.


RESUMEN: El estudio del tejido adiposo ha ganado una importancia creciente en el área biomédica por sus implicaciones para la salud y la obesidad. La obesidad es una situación de gran preocupación, principalmente, en el mundo occidental debido a su alta prevalencia y morbilidad. Los estudios experimentales sobre la obesidad a menudo necesitan un modelo en el que sea posible realizar experimentos, pruebas de drogas y otros procedimientos terapéuticos, que normalmente no son posibles en humanos. Aunque se utilizan varios animales para estudios de obesidad, los roedores son, con mucho, los animales más utilizados y, entre los roedores, los ratones están especialmente indicados para esta investigación. Esta mini revisión presenta la desafiante clasificación de la obesidad en roedores, en paralelo con la obesidad humana, definiendo y clasificando qué es un ratón obeso. El texto diferencia entre tejido adiposo blanco (WAT, destinado a la secreción endocrina y lipogénesis) y tejido adiposo marrón (BAT, destinado a la termogénesis) y describe el proceso de pardeamiento de los adipocitos blancos en una adaptación para aumentar la termogénesis. El texto también describe los diversos tipos de grasa corporal en ratones con sus diferencias e indicaciones para la investigación y enseña cómo reconocer y diseccionar estas grasas. Al final de esta lectura introductoria, se espera que el joven investigador haya adquirido los conocimientos suficientes para iniciar un proyecto de investigación experimental sobre la obesidad.


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Obesidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças
18.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(5): 1502-1508, oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385478

RESUMO

RESUMEN: El intervalo postmortem (IPM) equivale al tiempo que ha transcurrido desde que un ser humano ha muerto hasta su examinación postmortem. Después de la muerte, el cuerpo experimenta modificaciones en su composición física y química denominados cambios postmortem expresados por signos que pueden ser analizados para el cálculo del IPM. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los cambios histológicos presentes en la musculatura estriada lingual de rata en diferentes IPM. Se utilizaron 10 ratas machos Sprague dawley de dos meses de edad. Los animales fueron eutanasiados y dejados a temperatura ambiente (4 - 14 ?C) para tomar muestras de la lengua a distintos IPM (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 horas postmortem). El estudio se llevó a cabo considerando las recomendaciones de la Guía para el Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio. Las muestras fueron fijadas en formaldehido tamponado a 10 % y procesadas para su inclusión en paraplast. Se realizaron cortes de 5 μm de grosor y fueron teñidas con HE para su análisis con microscopía óptica. Los cambios histológicos en las células musculares estriadas de la lengua estaban asociados a los distintos IPM. A las 6 horas postmortem, hubo cambios iniciales en la morfología nuclear y su pigmentación. A las 12 y 24 horas postmortem, se observaron cambios en las estrías musculares y aumento en el número de casos con alteraciones nucleares. A las 48 y 72 horas postmortem, eran evidentes las vacuolas citoplasmáticas, cambios en la coloración de las miofibras y aumento en las alteraciones nucleares. A las 92 y 120 horas postmortem, se observó disminución de las estrías musculares y núcleos celulares. Los núcleos eran picnóticos y puntiformes; hubo pérdida de la morfología celular y presencia de musculo liso. En conclusión, los cambios de la histología del músculo estriado lingual de rata permiten estimar el IPM. Este modelo podría ser aplicable a la medicina forense.


SUMMARY: The postmortem interval (PMI) equals the time that has elapsed since a human being has died until his postmortem examination. After death, the body experiences modifications in its physical and chemical composition know as postmortem changes expressed by signs that can be analyzed for the calculation of the MPI. The aim of the study was to describe the histological changes present in rat lingual striated musculature in different PMIs. 10 two-month-old male Sprague dawley rats were used. The animals were euthanized and left at room temperature (4-14 ?C) to sample the tongue at different PMIs (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours postmortem). The study was carried out considering the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for inclusion in paraplast. 5 μm thick sections were made and stained with HE for análisis with light microscopy. Histological changes in the striated muscle cells of the tongue were associated with the different PMIs. At 6 hours postmortem, there were initial changes in nuclear morphology and its pigmentation. At 12 and 24 hours postmortem, changes in muscle striae and an increase in the number of cases with nuclear alterations were observed. At 48 and 72 hours postmortem, cytoplasmic vacuoles, changes in myofiber coloration, and increased nuclear alterations were evident. At 92 and 120 hours postmortem, a decrease in muscle striae and cell nuclei was observed. The nuclei were pyknotic and pinpoint; there was loss of cell morphology and presence of smooth muscle. In conclusion, changes in the histology of rat lingual skeletal muscle make it possible to estimate MPI. This model could be applicable to forensic medicine.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Língua/anatomia & histologia , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Fatores de Tempo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Medicina Legal
19.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(5): 1253-1263, oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385493

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The rabbit is considered an ideal animal model for studies that describe abnormalities in the testicles due to the similar morphogenetic mechanisms of sexual development and diseases commonly found in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the male sexual differentiation of the New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) through development. The gestational age was estimated and classified as 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 and 28 gestational days. The morphological and sexual determination were performed by histological analysis of the reproductive tract in the embryos and fetuses (9-28 days) as well as by immunohistochemistry- Desert hedgehog-Dhh- (testis-specific protein on Y chromosome- 16, 20, 23 days and adult rabbits). Gonads were observed from the 14th day in an undifferentiated stage and with homogeneous aspect. Sexual differentiation was observed from the 16th day with presence of cells forming gonadal cords and Dhh+ cells in the gonadal parenchyma. From the 18th gestational day testicular cords were observed, which evolved into organized seminiferous tubules. The formation of the efferent ducts and ductus deferens and epididymis was observed on the 20th and 23rd days, respectively. The differentiation of the external genitalia occurred from the 23rd days from the anogenital distance and was identified to identify the penile structures. In summary, the features of the sexual differentiation were determined by observation of the Dhh+ protein in embryos from the 16th day to adulthood, and the morphological particularities observed from the 18th gestational day, determined by differentiation of the external genitalia from the 23rd day.


RESUMEN: El conejo se considera un modelo animal ideal para estudios que describen anomalías a nivel testícular debido a que presenta mecanismos morfogenéticos similares al desa- rrollo sexual y enfermedades que se encuentran comúnmente en los seres humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diferenciación sexual masculina del conejo de Nueva Zelanda (Oryctolagus cuniculus) a través del desarrollo. La edad gestacional se estimó y clasificó en 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 y 28 días gestacionales. La determinación morfológica y sexual se realizó mediante análisis histológico del tracto reproductivo en los embriones y fetos (9 - 28 días) así como mediante inmunohistoquímica -Desert hedgehog-Dhh- (proteína testicular específica en el cromosoma Y- 16, 20, 23 días y conejos adultos). Las gónadas se observaron a partir del día 14 en un estadio indiferenciado y con aspecto homogéneo. Se observó diferenciación sexual a partir del día 16 con presencia de células formadoras de cordones gonadales y células Dhh+ en el parénquima gonadal. A partir del día 18 de gestación se observaron cordones testiculares, que evolucionaron a túbulos seminíferos organizados. La formación de los conductos eferentes, deferentes y del epidídimo se observó a los 20 y 23 días, respectivamente. La diferenciación de los genitales externos ocurrió a partir del día 23 desde la distancia anogenital y se utilizó para identificar las estructuras del pene. En conclusión, las características de la diferenciación sexual se determinaron mediante la observación de la proteína Dhh en embriones desde el día 16 hasta la edad adulta, y las particularidades morfológicas observadas a partir del día 18 de gestación, determinadas por diferenciación de los genitales externos a partir del día 23.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Diferenciação Celular , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal , Gônadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gônadas/embriologia , Túbulos Seminíferos , Diferenciação Sexual , Imuno-Histoquímica
20.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(4): 1116-1122, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385437

RESUMO

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los movimientos preferidos en maxila y mandíbula para obtener normalidad en morfología facial utilizando técnicas de superimposición en análisis 3D. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para evaluar el desplazamiento óseo bimaxilar y del hueso hioides en sujetos clase facial tipo II y clase facial tipo III sometidos a cirugía ortognática. Para la superimposición se utilizó como puntos fijos Nasion - Silla - Porion y la sutura cigomática-maxilar. Estos puntos se superpusieron en CBCT pre quirúrgico y postquirúrgico y se evaluó el desplazamiento de la espina nasal anterior, Punto A, Punto B, mentón y del hueso hioides. Para la evaluación y comparación de las variables continuas antes y después de la cirugía ortognática se utilizó la prueba T de Student. Para la correlación entre las variables, se utilizó el Test de Spearman considerando un valor p<0,05 como diferencia significativa. 44 sujetos de entre 18 y 40 años de ambos sexos, fueron incluidos en esta investigación. En el 90 % de los sujetos se realizó un movimiento sagital de avance de la maxila. El movimiento sagital de avance mandibular se realizó en el 100 % de los sujetos con clase facial tipo II, mientras que el 100 % de los sujetos con clase facial tipo III se realizó se le retroceso mandibular. El hueso hioides presentó un avance en 26 de los 27 sujetos con clase facial tipo III. Es posible concluir que existe una tendencia al avance maxilar independiente de la deformidad facial.


ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine the preferred movements in the maxilla and mandible to obtain normality in facial morphology using superimposition techniques in 3D analysis. A descriptive study was carried out to evaluate bimaxillary bone displacement and hyoid bone in subjects facial class II and facial class III undergoing orthognathic surgery. were used as fixed points for superimposition: Nasion (N) - Silla (S) - Porion (Po) and the zygomatic-maxillary suture (Z). These points were superimposed in pre-surgical and post- surgical CBCT and was evaluated to displacement of the anterior nasal spine, Point A, Point B, Chin and the hyoid bone. For the evaluation and comparison of continuous variables before and after orthognathic surgery, was used the Student's t test. For the correlation between the variables, the Spearman test is used, considering a p value <0.05 as a significant difference. 44 subjects between 18 and 40 years old of both sexes were included in this research. A 90% of subjects a was performed a maxillay sagittal movement. The sagittal movement of mandibular advancement was performed in 100% with facial class type II, while 100 % of the subjects with with facial class type III had a mandibular recession. The hyoid bone advanced in 26 of the 27 subjects with facial class type II. It is possible to conclude that there is a tendency for maxillary advancement, independent of facial deformity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Face/anatomia & histologia , Face/cirurgia , Cefalometria , Imageamento Tridimensional , Face/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Osso Hioide/anatomia & histologia , Maxila/anatomia & histologia
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